OP there is a difference , but whichever uni you go to then there will be a chance of making it, depending on what you wish to do.
In your situation I would resit, but if you choose not to, then you will face a hurdle at the TC stage, which could be the difference of getting one or not. If you manage to qualify then it will still count against you, but it will move onto experience and where you trained. It is possible to move ip the ladder if you get the right experience and depending what the state of the market is. It will require you to keep pushing forward and being ambitious.
Theres no reason you cant make a success of things as there are many hundreds of firms and not just MC.