How do you actually use a plunger for a toilet???

Amazingly, I know this one.

There is a difference between a sink plunger and a toilet plunger. The sink ones are just the stick with the cup on the end. Toilet ones have like a sort of inner flange on the end like a mute on a trumpet. You put it down there and thrust it up and down a bit like you're shaking a bottle of champagne. It should then force whatever is blocking the trap over into the waste downpipe.

You could use a sink one in an emergency, but it won't be as effective.