Could someone ask my essay on the American dream? I’m resitting and currently don’t have a tutor so I’m just seeing if this essay is good or bad.
How accurate is it to say, in the years 1917-80, anti-communism was the most significant influence on the political landscape?
It is a matter of debate between historians whether the influence of anti-communism had a significant impact on the political landscape. However, it could be contended that other major factors influenced the political landscape more. This includes the Republican ideas of laissez-faire and the Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal policy which is still influencing presidential policies to this day. However, anti-communism affected all of America, even reuniting the Republicans and Democrats together against communist ideals. To come to a sustained judgment, a greater analysis of the scope of anti-communist influence affecting the political landscape, long term and short term, will be discussed. Yet, ultimately it will be argued that to a large extent that the New Deal had a much more significant influence politically.
During the first Red Scare in 1919-20, Russia had turned into the first communist state, USSR. They encouraged uprisings in Germany and Hungary. Americans feared this idea, as it went against the American Dream entirely. Communism demanded the equal distribution of wealth under one dictatorship which completely threatened democracy and freedom. Long-term, this scare still had a hold on the American people, so much so another Scare began in 1947-54, the outbreak of the Cold War. Now with two major communist powers, USSR and China, people began to look at Europe as becoming infected with communism. Especially with Stalin’s plans of reinstating the ‘old USSR’ back together. The scare even reached American politics, senator Joseph McCarthy claiming he knew over 200 communists within the American State department. Investigations began to look into these claims, McCarthy’s 200 turned to 81 and then 57. Still, he had the people’s support. Once he turned his investigation to the army, his treatment of the interviewees were so bad, that the Red Scare died away with him. The influence of anti-communism may be seen as temporary and exaggerated during two relatively short periods, which saw hysteria die away as the limited credibility of accusations were revealed. This goes to show that anti-communism didn’t have a long term impact on the political landscape, rather it took control over the thoughts of the American people and give them a reason for their government’s behaviour towards them which we certainly see today.
One policy that could be argued to have had a significant impact on the political landscape is the republican policy of Laissez-faire. Between 1921-33, started by Warren Harding, demanded isolationism from the rest of the world which respected the Neutrality Act that was sacred to the American people. Hardings slogan was “less government in business and more business in government” showing that it wasn’t the job of the government to be responsible for the American people. This idea was so successful that Calvin Coolidge was elected to continue it. This revitalised the Republican government, it was a period of prosperity so much so that another republican, Herbert Hoover, was elected just before the Great Depression. Once the Great Depression struck America, unemployment soared and poverty grew day by day. Hoover though this was another depressive period, decided to let things sort themselves out. However, with no government intervention, these issues only grew worse. Congress had to force him to take action, his policies were rejected many times, those that had passed created federal debt. The significance of Laissez-fairs on the political landscape had a short term affect, however it can be argued that today we do see government giving away power to businesses, especially Reagan’s policies. But, not to this extent. As for the affect on the American people, laissez faire only worked when America had a stable economy, it didn’t help once people began to become more dependent on government support. Therefore it hadn’t had a significant impact on the political landscape.
Another policy that can be argued to have had a significant impact on the political landscape is Roosevelt’s New Deal. After Hoover’s disastrous leadership during the Great Depression, Americans voted in Roosevelt for a desperate change in their circumstance. The New Deal insisted that the government was responsible for the welfare of the people. It stressed the importance of rapid international action and set up the NRA, guidelines for businesses on their better conditions, working hours and minimum wage. It also set up the AAA, helping farmers slow down production to avoid overproduction and bought up surplus to feed Americans. Roosevelt believed in the 3 R’s, Relief to families, Recover jobs and make sure Reforms were in place to never allow a crisis to happen again. It bought a safety net, if someone had lost their job, government was there to assist them. Social security is a program that still exists today (helping elders with pensions). Long term impacts of the New Deal are seen today. Within the people this was successful, as it changed the relationship between the government and citizens. This means that the New Deal did have a significant impact on the political landscape, Roosevelt served four terms for his successful presidency and there were many other forms of the “New Deal” that were employed in other presidencies such as JFK’s New Frontier.
In conclusion, the most significant impact in the political landscape was the New Deal. This policy has shown long term and short term success politically and amongst the American people. Historians should also consider anti-communism as a significant shift to the political landscape because even today we see Americans being influenced by this topic, rather I would argue it’s “Un-American” to be an communism in such a heavily capitalist influenced society. The least significant influence is laissez-faire, which we don’t see as much and was only a benefit for the short term.