It's normal your driving instructor is assessing your driving skill level. If you want to know what the signage is just ask him. He tell you what they mean. The signage is in theory book.
The looping around is standard you will be doing it over and over with any other instructor. They will give you feedback on if it goes well or doesn't but I think he was assessing you.
He wouldn't put you on a busy road right away as you might panic and become stressed.
How my lessons went 🤔 I passed theory one week before doing driving lessons, passed driving in 6 weeks.
Assessed my driving skills, some manoeuvres that I knew they would test on are obsolete as they are deemed slow to test.
Lessons would be for me brushing up on driving skills, learning manoeuvres that I would need or haven't done in a while.