Contact your course leader for advice about the potential mitigating circumstances and not your dissertation supervisor, to avoid any suggestion that you're trying to influence the marking. As has been said, your supervisor shouldn't respond to you anyway. You can clear up the misunderstanding over dates after the marks are in so that you can part on good terms (although I seriously doubt that he's taken it to heart as you seem to believe).
Levels of dissertation feedback can vary wildly between supervisors. Mine would only look at a draft chapter once, and as he was off campus all summer, most of my supervision was done via email. One of my colleagues had a supervisor who insisted on weekly meetings throughout the process, which drove her mad. Another took a stack of research home to write-up at the end of May and had no further contact from her supervisor before hand-in - literally no feedback at all as she worked. Your situation is in no way unique. Unfortunate perhaps, but not grounds for any kind of appeal or complaint. If you wrote up in ten days very close to the hand-in deadline, that doesn't give your supervisor much time to properly read it and give meaningful feedback anyway.
If it helps, I wrapped my copy of my Masters dissertation in clingfilm after I handed in (to "keep the dust off") and I still can't bring myself to unwrap it and read it - despite having been given a Distinction for it last November. I'm still worried that I'll find obvious or glaring errors, even though there plainly weren't any visible to one of the UK's experts in that field. Dissertations mess with your head, and you're displaying all the classic signs!
I know it's hard, but you really do need to let it go so that you can move on with the next stage of your life. It's done. You did your best under difficult circumstances and you wrote up in a record-breaking ten days - and you're still standing! That alone deserves a round of applause.